Yes, in certain countries or specific areas, snow chains may be mandatory.
Frequent conditions:
When the weather requires it: snow, ice, or slippery roads.
In certain mountain regions where a sign indicates chains or winter tires.
Examples by country:
France: mandatory in the zones covered by the Mountain Law.
Austria: winter tires are mandatory from November 1 to April 15; chains may be required occasionally depending on the weather.
Switzerland: no general obligation, but chains are mandatory when the blue sign with a chained tire is present.
Italy (Alps): equipment is mandatory from November 15 to April 15 in certain regions.